{"id":22359,"date":"2022-04-23T11:20:31","date_gmt":"2022-04-23T09:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/?post_type=product&#038;p=22359"},"modified":"2024-03-25T04:16:30","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T03:16:30","slug":"pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/es\/producto\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\/","title":{"rendered":"Algoritmos de negociaci\u00f3n de pares y comprar y mantener: rendimiento y caracter\u00edsticas"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Abstracto<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El algoritmo de comercio de pares es una estrategia de reversi\u00f3n a la media neutral en el mercado para fondos de cobertura y similares. Realizamos un estudio emp\u00edrico de 1999 a 2022 comparando el rendimiento y las caracter\u00edsticas con el algoritmo de compra y retenci\u00f3n. Los resultados de las operaciones de seis meses muestran un rendimiento y una relaci\u00f3n de Sharpe m\u00e1s bajos, pero un riesgo m\u00e1s bajo que comprar y mantener. Durante veinte a\u00f1os, comprar y mantener es el claro ganador con un mayor rendimiento y un menor riesgo que el comercio de pares. Llegamos a la conclusi\u00f3n de que la mayor\u00eda de los inversores preferir\u00edan la estrategia de comprar y mantener a menos que el comercio de pares se combine con estrategias adicionales. Terminamos sugiriendo nuevos algoritmos comerciales que combinan las mejores caracter\u00edsticas del comercio de pares y comprar y mantener.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Introducci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El comercio de pares es una estrategia comercial establecida para fondos de cobertura y similares. Fue iniciado por el gerente de cobertura Nunzio Tartaglia en Morgan Stanley en la d\u00e9cada de 1980 (Bookstaber 2007) y desarrollado desde entonces por acad\u00e9micos y profesionales (por ejemplo, Do et al. 2006; Gatev et al. 2006; Rad et al. 2016). Es una estrategia comercial relativamente simple que presenta dos fases distintivas. Primero, identifica pares de valores que est\u00e1n relacionados utilizando un a\u00f1o de datos hist\u00f3ricos. En segundo lugar, negocia durante seis meses los valores subyacentes de los pares siempre que el margen de los pares supere cierto valor. El umbral de margen utilizado para abrir posiciones comerciales es arbitrario, pero la mayor\u00eda de las implementaciones utilizan dos veces la desviaci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar hist\u00f3rica. En el comercio de pares, abrir posiciones significa ir en largo por el valor que excede dos veces la desviaci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar hist\u00f3rica y en corto por el valor complementario, as\u00ed mismo, cerrar posiciones significa emitir \u00f3rdenes complementarias para cancelar las posiciones abiertas.<br \/>\nEl prop\u00f3sito de investigaci\u00f3n de este art\u00edculo es estudiar el rendimiento y las caracter\u00edsticas del algoritmo de negociaci\u00f3n de pares compar\u00e1ndolo con la estrategia de compra y retenci\u00f3n, que constituye el benchmarking. El tema es particularmente relevante y actual; acad\u00e9micos e inversores muestran un gran inter\u00e9s en el comercio de algoritmos dada la recompensa econ\u00f3mica que se deriva de ellos y en las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas el tema est\u00e1 creciendo en popularidad gracias al progreso de la tecnolog\u00eda financiera. La pregunta de investigaci\u00f3n gira en torno al punto de vista de los inversores y responde si el comercio de pares es una buena estrategia para los inversores en comparaci\u00f3n con la estrategia de comprar y mantener.<br \/>\nEl comercio de pares se clasifica como una estrategia neutral del mercado, por lo que deber\u00eda exhibir poca o ninguna correlaci\u00f3n con los mercados. La mayor\u00eda de los autores estudian este fen\u00f3meno haciendo una regresi\u00f3n de los rendimientos del comercio de pares a tres factores de Fama y French (1996) m\u00e1s otros factores como el impulso (Carhart 1997) o la reversi\u00f3n (Jegadeesh y Titman 1993), encontrando que los modelos capturan muy poco riesgo sistem\u00e1tico. (Do et al. 2006; Gatev et al. 2006; Rad et al. 2016; Chen et al. 2019), aunque la reversi\u00f3n a corto plazo es el factor principal (Chen et al. 2019).<br \/>\nEl algoritmo es una estrategia contraria o de reversi\u00f3n a la media, lo que significa que una vez que se abren las posiciones del par, se espera que, eventualmente, el diferencial converja para finalmente cerrar las posiciones. La estrategia cierra todas las posiciones despu\u00e9s de seis meses de negociaci\u00f3n, por lo que ayuda a minimizar el riesgo de pares abiertos que no converjan, lo que implicar\u00eda p\u00e9rdidas crecientes en el tiempo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Contenido de la descarga<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Manuscrito completo en formato PDF.<\/li>\n<li>Algoritmos para comprar y mantener y comercio de pares en Phyton para QuantConnect.<\/li>\n<li>Se requieren tres scripts en Phyton para la adquisici\u00f3n de datos:\n<ul>\n<li>Inicializaci\u00f3n de QuantConnect CLI.<\/li>\n<li>Ejecuci\u00f3n y adquisici\u00f3n de datos de algoritmos en QuantConnect mediante comandos CLI.<\/li>\n<li>Generaci\u00f3n de estad\u00edsticas descriptivas y gr\u00e1ficos para el manuscrito.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":22364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"enable","ocean_disable_heading":"enable","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"background-image","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":22364,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","osh_disable_topbar_sticky":"default","osh_disable_header_sticky":"default","osh_sticky_header_style":"default","osh_sticky_header_effect":"","osh_custom_sticky_logo":0,"osh_custom_retina_sticky_logo":0,"osh_custom_sticky_logo_height":0,"osh_background_color":"","osh_links_color":"","osh_links_hover_color":"","osh_links_active_color":"","osh_links_bg_color":"","osh_links_hover_bg_color":"","osh_links_active_bg_color":"","osh_menu_social_links_color":"","osh_menu_social_hover_links_color":""},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[356],"product_tag":[861,888,860],"class_list":{"0":"post-22359","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-finance","7":"product_tag-academic","8":"product_tag-algorithmic-trading","9":"product_tag-dba","11":"entry","12":"has-media","14":"first","15":"instock","16":"downloadable","17":"virtual","18":"taxable","19":"purchasable","20":"product-type-simple","21":"col","22":"span_1_of_3","23":"owp-content-center","24":"owp-thumbs-layout-horizontal","25":"owp-btn-normal","26":"owp-tabs-layout-section","27":"has-no-thumbnails"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pairs Trading and Buy-and-hold Algorithms: Performance and Characteristics - Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/es\/producto\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pairs Trading and Buy-and-hold Algorithms: Performance and Characteristics - Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Abstract  Pairs trading algorithm is market neutral, mean-reverting strategy for hedge funds and alike. We conduct an empirical study from 1999 to 2022 comparing the performance and characteristics with buy-and-hold algorithm. The results of six months trading show lower return and Sharpe ratio but lower risk than buy-and-hold. For a twenty years trading periods buy-and-hold is the clear winner with higher return and lower risk than pairs trading. We conclude that most investors would prefer buy-and-hold strategy unless pairs trading is combined with additional strategies. We end suggesting new trading algorithms combining the best characteristics of pairs trading and buy-and-hold.  Introduction  Pairs trading is an established trading strategy for hedge funds and alike. It was pioneer by the hedge manager Nunzio Tartaglia at Morgan Stanley in the 1980s (Bookstaber 2007) and developed since then by scholars and practitioners (e.g. Do et al. 2006; Gatev et al. 2006; Rad et al. 2016). It is a relatively simple trading strategy that presents two distinctive phases. First, it identifies pairs of securities that are related using one year of historical data. Second, it trades for six months the underlaying securities of the pairs whenever the spread of the pairs exceeds certain value. The spread threshold used to open trading positions is arbitrary, but most implementations use two times the historical standard deviation. In pairs trading opening positions means to go long for the security exceeding two times the historical standard deviation and short for the complementary security, likewise, closing positions stands for issuing complementary orders to cancel the open positions. The research purpose of this paper is to study the performance and characteristics of pairs trading algorithm comparing it with buy-and-hold strategy, which constitutes the benchmarking. The subject is particularly relevant and actual; academics and investors show great interest to algorithm trading given the economical reward derived from them and the recent decades the subject is growing in popularity thanks to the progress in financial technology. The research question pivots around the point of view of investors, answering whether pairs trading is a good strategy for investors compared with buy-and-hold strategy. Pairs trading is classified as a market neutral strategy, consequently it should exhibit little or no correlation with markets. Most authors study this phenomenon by regressing the returns of pair trading to three factors of Fama and French (1996) plus other factors such as momentum (Carhart 1997) or reversal (Jegadeesh and Titman 1993), finding that the models capture very little systematic risk (Do et al. 2006; Gatev et al. 2006; Rad et al. 2016; Chen et al. 2019), though being short term reversal the main factor (Chen et al. 2019). The algorithm is a mean-reverting or contrarian strategy, meaning that once the positions of the pair are opened, it is expected that, eventually the spread will converge to finally close the positions. The strategy closes all positions after six months of trading, consequently it helps to minimize the risk of open pairs that do not converge, that would imply increasing losses over the time.  Content of the download   Complete manuscript in PDF format.  Algorithms for buy-an-hold and pairs trading in Phyton for QuantConnect.  Three scripts in Phyton required for the data acquisition:   Initialisation of QuantConnect CLI.  Execution and data acquisition of algorithms in QuantConnect using CLI commands.  Generation of descriptive statistics and charts for the manuscript.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/es\/producto\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rbartolomecastro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-25T03:16:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/4_Translating_Research_into_Practice_Web_Cover.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1336\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@raulbartolome\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/product\\\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/product\\\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pairs Trading and Buy-and-hold Algorithms: Performance and Characteristics - Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/product\\\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/product\\\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/4_Translating_Research_into_Practice_Web_Cover.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-04-23T09:20:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-25T03:16:30+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/product\\\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/product\\\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/product\\\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/4_Translating_Research_into_Practice_Web_Cover.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/04\\\/4_Translating_Research_into_Practice_Web_Cover.png\",\"width\":900,\"height\":1336},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/product\\\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Downloads\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/downloads\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Finance\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/product-category\\\/finance\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Pairs Trading and Buy-and-hold Algorithms: Performance and Characteristics\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9\",\"description\":\"Engineering, Management and Finance\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/728a70a0ee01a96dc17e5dd8c5f8e95e\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/728a70a0ee01a96dc17e5dd8c5f8e95e\",\"name\":\"Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/Raul-Bartolome-IMG_1090-2.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/Raul-Bartolome-IMG_1090-2.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/Raul-Bartolome-IMG_1090-2.jpeg\",\"width\":640,\"height\":640,\"caption\":\"Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/Raul-Bartolome-IMG_1090-2.jpeg\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/rbartolomecastro\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/rbartolomec\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/rbartolomecastro\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/raulbartolome\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCY7Pef7CeZf-8t9ALthQRqA\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Trading de pares y algoritmos de compra y retenci\u00f3n: Rendimiento y caracter\u00edsticas - Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/es\/producto\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pairs Trading and Buy-and-hold Algorithms: Performance and Characteristics - Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9","og_description":"Abstract  Pairs trading algorithm is market neutral, mean-reverting strategy for hedge funds and alike. We conduct an empirical study from 1999 to 2022 comparing the performance and characteristics with buy-and-hold algorithm. The results of six months trading show lower return and Sharpe ratio but lower risk than buy-and-hold. For a twenty years trading periods buy-and-hold is the clear winner with higher return and lower risk than pairs trading. We conclude that most investors would prefer buy-and-hold strategy unless pairs trading is combined with additional strategies. We end suggesting new trading algorithms combining the best characteristics of pairs trading and buy-and-hold.  Introduction  Pairs trading is an established trading strategy for hedge funds and alike. It was pioneer by the hedge manager Nunzio Tartaglia at Morgan Stanley in the 1980s (Bookstaber 2007) and developed since then by scholars and practitioners (e.g. Do et al. 2006; Gatev et al. 2006; Rad et al. 2016). It is a relatively simple trading strategy that presents two distinctive phases. First, it identifies pairs of securities that are related using one year of historical data. Second, it trades for six months the underlaying securities of the pairs whenever the spread of the pairs exceeds certain value. The spread threshold used to open trading positions is arbitrary, but most implementations use two times the historical standard deviation. In pairs trading opening positions means to go long for the security exceeding two times the historical standard deviation and short for the complementary security, likewise, closing positions stands for issuing complementary orders to cancel the open positions. The research purpose of this paper is to study the performance and characteristics of pairs trading algorithm comparing it with buy-and-hold strategy, which constitutes the benchmarking. The subject is particularly relevant and actual; academics and investors show great interest to algorithm trading given the economical reward derived from them and the recent decades the subject is growing in popularity thanks to the progress in financial technology. The research question pivots around the point of view of investors, answering whether pairs trading is a good strategy for investors compared with buy-and-hold strategy. Pairs trading is classified as a market neutral strategy, consequently it should exhibit little or no correlation with markets. Most authors study this phenomenon by regressing the returns of pair trading to three factors of Fama and French (1996) plus other factors such as momentum (Carhart 1997) or reversal (Jegadeesh and Titman 1993), finding that the models capture very little systematic risk (Do et al. 2006; Gatev et al. 2006; Rad et al. 2016; Chen et al. 2019), though being short term reversal the main factor (Chen et al. 2019). The algorithm is a mean-reverting or contrarian strategy, meaning that once the positions of the pair are opened, it is expected that, eventually the spread will converge to finally close the positions. The strategy closes all positions after six months of trading, consequently it helps to minimize the risk of open pairs that do not converge, that would imply increasing losses over the time.  Content of the download   Complete manuscript in PDF format.  Algorithms for buy-an-hold and pairs trading in Phyton for QuantConnect.  Three scripts in Phyton required for the data acquisition:   Initialisation of QuantConnect CLI.  Execution and data acquisition of algorithms in QuantConnect using CLI commands.  Generation of descriptive statistics and charts for the manuscript.","og_url":"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/es\/producto\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\/","og_site_name":"Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rbartolomecastro","article_modified_time":"2024-03-25T03:16:30+00:00","og_image":[{"width":900,"height":1336,"url":"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/4_Translating_Research_into_Practice_Web_Cover.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@raulbartolome","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/product\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\/","url":"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/product\/pairs-trading-and-buy-and-hold-algorithms-performance-and-characteristics\/","name":"Trading de pares y algoritmos de compra y retenci\u00f3n: Rendimiento y caracter\u00edsticas - 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