{"id":21628,"date":"2021-04-03T19:58:23","date_gmt":"2021-04-03T17:58:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.raulbartolome.com\/?post_type=product&#038;p=21628"},"modified":"2024-07-09T01:17:57","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T23:17:57","slug":"evaluation-of-three-algorithmic-trading-strategies","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/es\/producto\/evaluation-of-three-algorithmic-trading-strategies\/","title":{"rendered":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de tres estrategias comerciales algor\u00edtmicas"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El estudio del comercio algor\u00edtmico es de gran importancia dado su predominio y crecimiento previsto. En 2019, la mayor\u00eda de las acciones negociadas en EE. UU. se ejecutaron mediante algoritmos, equivalentes a 35,11 TP3T de $31 billones y la tasa de crecimiento anual compuesta (CAGR) global estimada durante el per\u00edodo 2020-2027 es de 8,71 TP3T.<\/p>\n<p>El tema presenta muchas cuestiones y \u00e1ngulos. Los inversores institucionales emplean grandes recursos humanos y de capital para aprovechar el comercio algor\u00edtmico, mientras que los inversores minoristas tienen oportunidades limitadas pero crecientes. En segundo lugar, el n\u00famero de estrategias a seguir es grande, lo que tiende a cambiar infinitamente los par\u00e1metros asumiendo, lo que hace que la selecci\u00f3n de estrategias sea un desaf\u00edo. En tercer lugar, los inversores son por naturaleza idiosincr\u00e1sicos y, en consecuencia, no existe una estrategia v\u00e1lida para todos.<\/p>\n<p>La literatura acad\u00e9mica existente adopta una postura firme en materia de matem\u00e1ticas financieras; prestar atenci\u00f3n a la microestructura del mercado (Copeland y Galai 1983; Madhavan y Sofianos 1998), la medici\u00f3n de costos (Berkowitz et al. 1988; Wayne y Edwards 1993) o la estimaci\u00f3n de costos (Lillo et al. 2003; Kissell et al. 2004) solo para cita algunos temas. Existe un enfoque m\u00e1s pragm\u00e1tico, recogido en los libros de texto, con \u00e9nfasis en construir su propio sistema de comercio algor\u00edtmico (Chan 2009; Chan 2013; Georgakopoulos 2015; Conlan 2016). Sin embargo, se presta muy poca atenci\u00f3n al comercio algor\u00edtmico con formas de planes comerciales existentes como QuantConnect o AmiBroker y bibliotecas de algoritmos como Quantpedia como base para articular la investigaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>El prop\u00f3sito de investigaci\u00f3n de este trabajo de curso es estudiar estrategias comerciales algor\u00edtmicas, utilizando el repositorio de algoritmos de Quantpedia y QuantConnect como base de las estrategias y QuantConnect como plataforma comercial. En particular, el n\u00famero de estrategias es tres: comprar y mantener, prima de riesgo de volatilidad (VRP) e impulso del sentimiento. El estudio adopta dos vertientes en la evaluaci\u00f3n, per se y consolidada.<\/p>\n<p>La pregunta de investigaci\u00f3n tiene un enfoque m\u00e1s conc\u00e9ntrico al inversor que matem\u00e1tico. De las tres estrategias de negociaci\u00f3n algor\u00edtmica, \u00bfcu\u00e1l podr\u00eda ser la mejor para un inversor con un horizonte de inversi\u00f3n de cinco a\u00f1os? La respuesta no es sencilla, porque los inversores tienen diferentes perfiles de riesgo-recompensa, edad y circunstancias sociales y familiares.<\/p>\n<p>Esta investigaci\u00f3n exploratoria tiene el potencial de sentar las bases de futuros estudios sobre el mismo tema. La evoluci\u00f3n evidente consiste en ampliar el n\u00famero de estrategias, creaci\u00f3n de estrategias novedosas y un debate con una visi\u00f3n idiosincr\u00e1sica m\u00e1s universal del inversor.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Este trabajo est\u00e1 estructurado como sigue; El Cap\u00edtulo 2 presenta los m\u00e9todos de investigaci\u00f3n del estudio; El Cap\u00edtulo 3 describe las tres estrategias con la teor\u00eda subyacente, la implementaci\u00f3n del algoritmo y la evaluaci\u00f3n per se; El cap\u00edtulo 4 consolida los resultados de las tres estrategias, articula una discusi\u00f3n de los resultados num\u00e9rica y gr\u00e1ficamente y argumenta cu\u00e1l es la mejor estrategia en funci\u00f3n del perfil del inversionista; El Cap\u00edtulo 5 recoge las conclusiones de este trabajo y finalmente el Cap\u00edtulo 6 es el relato reflexivo del autor. Vale la pena mencionar el ap\u00e9ndice, donde en el Cap\u00edtulo 7.2 se explican las variables financieras clave y los fundamentos matem\u00e1ticos del estudio; El Cap\u00edtulo 7.3 analiza algunas plataformas comerciales y presenta la descripci\u00f3n general del sistema de QuantConnect; El Cap\u00edtulo 7.4 presenta una descripci\u00f3n general de las estrategias comerciales y libres y, finalmente, el Cap\u00edtulo 7.5 proporciona el c\u00f3digo fuente del algoritmo para QuantConnect en Phyton.<\/p>\n<p>La descarga incluye:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Investigaci\u00f3n completa de cursos en formato PDF.<\/li>\n<li>Script de posprocesamiento en Phyton para consolidar los datos con configuraciones en Visual Studio Code.<\/li>\n<li>Algoritmos comerciales de las tres estrategias en Phyton para QuantConnect.<\/li>\n<li>El backtesting resulta de QuantConnect a partir de las tres estrategias.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":21631,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"enable","ocean_disable_heading":"enable","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"background-image","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":21631,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","osh_disable_topbar_sticky":"default","osh_disable_header_sticky":"default","osh_sticky_header_style":"default","osh_sticky_header_effect":"","osh_custom_sticky_logo":0,"osh_custom_retina_sticky_logo":0,"osh_custom_sticky_logo_height":0,"osh_background_color":"","osh_links_color":"","osh_links_hover_color":"","osh_links_active_color":"","osh_links_bg_color":"","osh_links_hover_bg_color":"","osh_links_active_bg_color":"","osh_menu_social_links_color":"","osh_menu_social_hover_links_color":""},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[356],"product_tag":[861,888,860],"class_list":{"0":"post-21628","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-finance","7":"product_tag-academic","8":"product_tag-algorithmic-trading","9":"product_tag-dba","11":"entry","12":"has-media","14":"first","15":"instock","16":"downloadable","17":"virtual","18":"taxable","19":"purchasable","20":"product-type-simple","21":"col","22":"span_1_of_3","23":"owp-content-center","24":"owp-thumbs-layout-horizontal","25":"owp-btn-normal","26":"owp-tabs-layout-section","27":"has-no-thumbnails"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Evaluation of three algorithmic trading strategies - Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/es\/producto\/evaluation-of-three-algorithmic-trading-strategies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Evaluation of three algorithmic trading strategies - Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The study of algorithmic trading is of high importance given its predominance and forecasted growth. In 2019 the majority of the equity traded in US was executed by algorithms, equivalent to 35.1% of $31 trillion and the global estimated compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) over the period 2020-2027 is 8.7%.  The topic presents many issues and angles. Institutional investors employ big human and capital resources to take advantage of algorithmic trading, while retail investors have limited but growing opportunities. Secondly, the number of treading strategies is big, tending to infinite assuming parameters change, that makes the selection of strategies challenging. Thirdly, investors are by nature idiosyncratic, and consequently does not exist one strategy valid for all.  The existing academic literature takes a strong financial mathematics stand; paying attention to market microstructure (Copeland and Galai 1983; Madhavan and Sofianos 1998), cost measurement (Berkowitz et al. 1988; Wayne and Edwards 1993), or cost estimation (Lillo et al. 2003; Kissell et al. 2004) just to cite some topics. There is a more pragmatical approach, captured by textbooks, with emphasis to build your own algorithmic trading system (Chan 2009; Chan 2013; Georgakopoulos 2015; Conlan 2016). However, very little attention is taken to algorithmic trading with existing trading planforms like QuantConnect or AmiBroker and algorithm libraries like Quantpedia as foundation to articulate the research.  The research purpose of this coursework is to study algorithmic trading strategies, using the repository of algorithms from Quantpedia and QuantConnect as foundation of the strategies and QuantConnect as trading platform. Particularly, the number of strategies is three: buy and hold, volatility risk premium (VRP) and sentiment momentum. The study takes two angles in the evaluation, per se and consolidated.  The research question is investor concentric rather than mathematical focus. From the three algorithmic trading strategies, which one might be the best for an investor with an investment horizon of five years? The answer is not straight forwards, because investors have different profiles of reward-risk, age, social and familiar circumstances.  This exploratory research has the potential to set the foundation of future studies about the same subject. The obvious evolution consists to expand the number of strategies, creation of novel strategies and a discussion with a more universal idiosyncratic view of the investor.    This work is structured as follows; Chapter 2 presents the research methods of the study; Chapter 3 describes the three strategies with the underpinning theory, algorithm implementation and per se evaluation; Chapter 4 consolidates the results of the three strategies, articulates a discussion of the results numerically and graphically, and argues what is the best strategy based on the investor profile; Chapter 5 embodies the conclusions of this work and finally the Chapter 6 is the reflective account of the author. It is worth to mention the appendix, where Chapter 7.2 explains the key financial variables and the mathematical background for the study; Chapter 7.3 discusses some trading platform and presents the system overview of QuantConnect; Chapter 7.4 presents an overview of free and commercial trading strategies, and finally, Chapter 7.5 provides the sources code of the algorithm for QuantConnect in Phyton.  The download includes:   Complete coursework research in PDF format.  Post-processing script in Phyton to consolidate the data with settings in Visual Studio Code.  Trading algorithms from the three strategies in Phyton for QuantConnect.  The backtesting results from QuantConnect from the three strategies.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/es\/producto\/evaluation-of-three-algorithmic-trading-strategies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rbartolomecastro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-08T23:17:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2_Qualitative_and_Quantitative_Research_Methods_Cover.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1258\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1716\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@raulbartolome\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minuto\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/product\\\/evaluation-of-three-algorithmic-trading-strategies\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/raulbartolome.com\\\/product\\\/evaluation-of-three-algorithmic-trading-strategies\\\/\",\"name\":\"Evaluation of three algorithmic trading strategies - 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Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/raulbartolome.com\/es\/producto\/evaluation-of-three-algorithmic-trading-strategies\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Evaluation of three algorithmic trading strategies - Ra\u00fal Bartolom\u00e9","og_description":"The study of algorithmic trading is of high importance given its predominance and forecasted growth. In 2019 the majority of the equity traded in US was executed by algorithms, equivalent to 35.1% of $31 trillion and the global estimated compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) over the period 2020-2027 is 8.7%.  The topic presents many issues and angles. Institutional investors employ big human and capital resources to take advantage of algorithmic trading, while retail investors have limited but growing opportunities. Secondly, the number of treading strategies is big, tending to infinite assuming parameters change, that makes the selection of strategies challenging. Thirdly, investors are by nature idiosyncratic, and consequently does not exist one strategy valid for all.  The existing academic literature takes a strong financial mathematics stand; paying attention to market microstructure (Copeland and Galai 1983; Madhavan and Sofianos 1998), cost measurement (Berkowitz et al. 1988; Wayne and Edwards 1993), or cost estimation (Lillo et al. 2003; Kissell et al. 2004) just to cite some topics. There is a more pragmatical approach, captured by textbooks, with emphasis to build your own algorithmic trading system (Chan 2009; Chan 2013; Georgakopoulos 2015; Conlan 2016). However, very little attention is taken to algorithmic trading with existing trading planforms like QuantConnect or AmiBroker and algorithm libraries like Quantpedia as foundation to articulate the research.  The research purpose of this coursework is to study algorithmic trading strategies, using the repository of algorithms from Quantpedia and QuantConnect as foundation of the strategies and QuantConnect as trading platform. Particularly, the number of strategies is three: buy and hold, volatility risk premium (VRP) and sentiment momentum. The study takes two angles in the evaluation, per se and consolidated.  The research question is investor concentric rather than mathematical focus. From the three algorithmic trading strategies, which one might be the best for an investor with an investment horizon of five years? The answer is not straight forwards, because investors have different profiles of reward-risk, age, social and familiar circumstances.  This exploratory research has the potential to set the foundation of future studies about the same subject. The obvious evolution consists to expand the number of strategies, creation of novel strategies and a discussion with a more universal idiosyncratic view of the investor.    This work is structured as follows; Chapter 2 presents the research methods of the study; Chapter 3 describes the three strategies with the underpinning theory, algorithm implementation and per se evaluation; Chapter 4 consolidates the results of the three strategies, articulates a discussion of the results numerically and graphically, and argues what is the best strategy based on the investor profile; Chapter 5 embodies the conclusions of this work and finally the Chapter 6 is the reflective account of the author. It is worth to mention the appendix, where Chapter 7.2 explains the key financial variables and the mathematical background for the study; Chapter 7.3 discusses some trading platform and presents the system overview of QuantConnect; Chapter 7.4 presents an overview of free and commercial trading strategies, and finally, Chapter 7.5 provides the sources code of the algorithm for QuantConnect in Phyton.  The download includes:   Complete coursework research in PDF format.  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